Ten questions in this week’s mailbag. Only two more of these to go until Opening Day. Send all your mailbag questions to RABmailbag (at) gmail (dot) com and I’ll get to as many as I can each week.

Many, many people asked: What do you make of Sonny Gray saying the Yankees forced him him to throw his slider?

Earlier this week Eno Sarris (subs. req’d) wrote a piece on Gray in which Sonny, among other things, said the Yankees made him throw too many sliders. He indicated he was on board with the anti-fastball philosophy, but felt he should’ve thrown more curveballs than sliders. Here’s part of the quote:

“I can’t command my slider that well,” the new Reds starter admitted. “I want to throw my slider in the dirt with two strikes, and that’s about it. I don’t have that type of slider, like (Masahiro) Tanaka’s slider. His slider, the catcher will catch it, and the batter will swing and miss. If I get a swing and miss, the catcher is blocking it in the dirt. When I try to throw sliders for a strike, I get around it and it’s just a sh*tty spinning pitch. I don’t know how people throw sliders for strikes that are still tight, good pitches. I’m at 2-0 and I’m throwing a slider, and either I’m throwing a sh*tty slider in the zone, or I’m yanking it into the dirt and it’s 3-0 and I’m screwed either way.

“They love sliders,” he said of the Yankees. “Sliders are a great pitch. The numbers say slider is a good pitch, but you might not realize how many sh*tty counts you’re getting in while throwing all those sliders. They wanted me to be Tanaka and I’m way different from him.”

Brooks Baseball says Gray threw more curveballs (23.7%) than sliders (15.9%) last season, which doesn’t jibe with the whole “I should’ve been throwing curveballs, not sliders” thing. That curveball rate was his highest since 2014 and the slider rate was right in line with his last few seasons. To be fair to Sonny, he throws several different variations of each pitch, which will sometimes confuse the pitch-tracking systems. Occasionally curveballs will be classified as sliders, sliders will be classified as cutters, so on and so forth.

On one hand, I’m inclined to believe the pitcher in these situations. If a guy says he’s throwing a slider but the pitch data says it’s a curveball, it was probably a slider the system misclassified. On the other hand, Gray also said this …

“In my very last outing against the Red Sox, second to last game of the season in New York, I threw two innings out of the pen, all I did was throw cutters,” Gray said. “I said, ‘F*ck ’em, all I’m going to do is throw cutters today.’ I just threw 94-mph cutters — six up, six down, four punchies, and I thought maybe I’ll make the postseason roster here … but I didn’t.”

… and literally every part of that is wrong (well, except not making the postseason roster). The game was in Boston, not New York. He did not go six up, six down (he allowed a hit). He did not strike out four batters (he struck out three). And he sure as hell did not throw all cutters. Brooks Baseball says he didn’t and my eyes say he didn’t. Here’s the video of that outing. Watch for yourself. “All I did was throw cutters,” is definitely not a thing that happened. Seems like Sonny’s memory is a little foggy. Maybe take his recollection of things with a grain of salt.

Gray’s home/road splits were extreme last season and his curveball/slider split was not meaningfully different at home (24.2%/13.8%) than on the road (25.5%/16.3%). Maybe he only threw that “sh*tty spinning pitch” at Yankee Stadium and saved the good pitches for the road? Eh, whatever. The article focused mostly on what Gray will do going forward, not dumping on the Yankees, but it sure seems everyone is to blame for Sonny’s poor 2018 season except Sonny Gray. Aaron Boone and Brian Cashman both took the high road when asked about Gray’s comments and that’s exactly what they should’ve done. A trade was the best thing for everyone. This wasn’t working.

Michael asks: We always said once we saw what Harper got, Stanton’s deal would be a steal. In retrospect, wouldn’t you rather Harper on his deal than Stanton on his? I know it doesn’t have to be one or the other, but the reality is that that’s how the Yankees viewed it.

I would rather have Bryce Harper on his deal than Giancarlo Stanton on his deal, yes. I assumed Harper would wind up with something like $35M per year or even $40M per year. He wound up with $25.4M per year. These are the two choices:

• Harper: 13 years at $25.4M annually (ages 26-38)
• Stanton: 9 years at $22M annually (ages 29-37)

The Yankees did get a pretty darn good 2018 season from Stanton, which can’t be ignored. Going forward though, yeah, I’d rather have Harper. The difference in annual salary is relatively small, they’ll be roughly the same age when the contracts end, and you’re getting Harper’s age 26-28 seasons. Those are three peak seasons with big value. If they were the same age, I’d take Stanton on his deal, for sure. They’re not though. Harper’s contract is four years longer but it also comes with three more peak years. Those are the years I want. That isn’t to say I think Stanton will be bad going forward. Not at all. I just expect Harper to be the better player.

Michael asks: Going into 2019, who is the hardest to replace, and therefore most valuable, Yankee? I think there is an argument to be made for a number of players: Judge (talent and production level); Sanchez (position drop-off); Gleyber (most stable MIF option); Severino (unquestioned leader of staff); Hicks (CF defense)?

It’s Aaron Judge. The Luis Severino injury will test this, and Gary Sanchez returning to 2016-17 form would make him essentially irreplaceable, but I still think it’s Judge. He is the Yankees’ best hitter and best all-around player. Yes, the Yankees would plug Giancarlo Stanton into right field should Judge get hurt, but Stanton would not be replacing Judge. Both guys will be in the regular lineup anyway. Judge’s replacement is whoever joins the roster. Maybe Stanton in right field with Greg Bird at DH, or Miguel Andujar at DH and DJ LeMahieu at third, softens the blow. Judge is one of the ten best players in baseball though. He impacts the game in so many ways. Losing him for any length of time would be devastating. We saw it last year. The Yankees weren’t the same without him. Severino, Sanchez, and Aaron Hicks have arguments for being the most difficult Yankee to replace. Judge stands out the most.

Jon asks: When you wrote your candidates for leadoff hitter post a couple months ago, I’m not sure if the Yankees had signed LeMahieu yet. Now that he’s a Yankee and they’ve indicated he’s more than likely an every day player (as mapped out recently), does he have a shot at the leadoff role?

The Yankees signed DJ LeMahieu four days after that post when up. Anyway, if he hits enough, every player has a shot at the leadoff role. In LeMahieu’s case, I think the Yankees would only use him at leadoff against lefties, at least initially. He hit .330/.360/.540 (124 wRC+) against lefties last season and .249/.303/.373 (67 wRC+) against righties. His career platoon split is not that extreme (104 wRC+ vs. 84 wRC+) but it is significant. Unless he suddenly starts hitting righties, LeMahieu’s probably not the guy the Yankees want getting more at-bats than everyone else against right-handed pitchers. Against lefties, sure, bat him leadoff. I’d definitely say no against righties unless he’s hitting so much you can’t ignore it.

Ralph asks: Let’s turn this little blurb you guys mentioned in the Devil’s Advocate: The Yankees were smart to pass on Manny Machado and Bryce Harper article into a legit question: I mean, seriously, when’s the last time the Yankees traded away a player they truly miss? I can’t remember.

The answer is Andrew Miller. The Yankees haven’t gotten much impact from that trade yet — Clint Frazier seems poised for a breakout season and Justus Sheffield became James Paxton, though the Miller trade hasn’t helped the Yankees much to date — whereas Miller was a championship-caliber high-leverage reliever for a year and a half with the Indians. (Last season didn’t go too well.) I don’t think the Yankees would undo that trade. From 2016-18 though, they would’ve been better off with Miller than Frazier and Sheffield (and Ben Heller and J.P. Feyereisen).

Miller was an established big leaguer and the Yankees trading a well-above-average big leaguer for prospects is quite the rarity. The last young player or prospect the Yankees regretted trading away was … Yangervis Solarte? Jake Cave and Ben Gamel are useful pieces who would help the Yankees more right now than the guys they traded them for (Luis Gil, JP Sears, Juan Then), but those guys are fourth outfielders. Meh. Someone like Sheffield, Caleb Smith, Taylor Widener, Nick Solak, Billy McKinney, or Blake Rutherford could become the “one who got away” in time. As best I can remember, the last time the Yankees made a truly terrible trade they regretted for a long time is Tyler Clippard for Jonathan Albaladejo. Now that was a dud of a trade.

Juan asks: Luis Cessa and Tommy Kahnle. Since both are out of options, does it make sense to trade them for similar, lesser-established pitchers with remaining options? Perhaps we could even receive a lottery prospect or two in the deals?

This question was sent in before the Luis Severino injury. The Yankees have to hang on to Cessa as rotation depth for the time being now. In Kahnle’s case, trading him for a minor leaguer — the Yankees have been trading these fringe roster guys (Ben Gamel, Jake Cave) for far away rookie baller pitchers (Juan Then, Luis Gil) the last few years, which is what I assume would happen with Kahnle — and going with someone like Stephen Tarpley in the bullpen might make some sense. The thing is, I don’t think Cessa or Kahnle have much trade value right now, so the best move is probably hanging on to them and seeing what happens. Kahnle rediscovering his 2017 form would be more valuable to the Yankees than anything he could fetch in a trade. Flipping Cessa or Kahnle for a similar pitcher with options is a great idea, except the other team has a say in this, and they’d probably just hang on to the optionable pitchers. That extra roster flexibility has real value.

Doug asks: I noticed at Tuesday’s spring training game that Gary Sanchez had something that seemed almost plastic on his left arm band. What is that?

It’s a cheat sheet, basically. The arm band includes scouting reports and matchup info. “Pitch this guy this way.” That sorta stuff. These scouting report arm bands first starting showing up two or three years ago — the Yankees were among the first teams to use it — and, by last year, pretty much every catcher around the league had one. I screen grabbed this during a game last April. Here’s Sanchez sneaking a peak:

I don’t remember when exactly it happened, so I can’t go back to make a GIF, but I distinctly remember YES Network cameras showing Aaron Boone going out to the mound during a pitching change last year and bringing Sanchez a new arm band, so these things are personalized by pitcher. Catchers have arm bands with scouting reports, outfielders have carried cards to help them with positioning for years now, and the Yankees will give their infielders positioning cards this year as well. There is so much information in baseball nowadays that expecting players to memorize it all is unreasonable. Print it out, give them the card, then let them play.

Rob asks: In your spring training game threads, you list the starters and the available pitchers and position players. I’ve noticed that some position players who don’t start are not listed as available, e.g. Miguel Andujar on March 6 – why is that? Can teams play everyone on any given day, or do they have to designate a subset of their players? If the latter, why?

Anyone can play on any given day in Spring Training. You don’t have to be on the 40-man roster to appear in a Spring Training game. Every player is on some sort of schedule though. They play this many innings this day, go work on the backfields this day, rest this day, etc. It’s all mapped out. On days they aren’t scheduled to play, the big leaguers get their work in and go home. They (usually) don’t sit in the dugout for the game. Whenever you see a projected big leaguer (or even someone on the MLB roster bubble) on a spring lineup card, he’s playing that day. The Yankees won’t make Andujar or Gleyber Torres sit on the bench as an emergency guy, or leave Dellin Betances in the bullpen as an extra arm. That’s what the non-roster players and daily minor league camp call-ups are for.

John asks: Two SS’s coming off of TJS – Didi and Seager. Given the choice, who would you pick for your team going forward, assuming equal contracts?

Corey Seager, easily. I’d take him at twice Didi Gregorius’ next contract and I love Sir Didi. Seager is four years younger and he hit .302/.370/.497 (132 wRC+) with +12.9 WAR in his two healthy seasons (2016-17) before having Tommy John surgery last year. Didi’s best single-season batting average with the Yankees is .287 (2017). His best OBP is .335 (2018). His best slugging percentage is .494 (2018) and that’s as a left-handed hitter in Yankee Stadium. His best wRC+ is 121 (2018). Seager has him beat across the board. He’s younger and a far superior hitter, and he’s a solid defender too. I love Gregorius and I hope he’s a Yankee forever. That said, I would take Seager over him in a heartbeat and not even think twice about it.

Adam asks: Although not directly Yankees related I am curious about how the luxury tax works on suspended players. I assume players do not get paid while on suspension, but do their full salaries still count against the luxury tax?

Suspended players do not get paid and the salary they forfeit does not count toward the luxury tax payroll. Alex Rodriguez was suspended 162 games in 2014 and the Yankees received 162 games worth of luxury tax payroll relief. (They did get charged for the 20 off-days though. That was $3.2M or so.) CC Sabathia has to serve a five-game suspension this year and he’ll forfeit five games worth of salary, or $215,000 or so. That means his luxury tax hit will be $7.785M rather than his full $8M salary.

Got a dozen questions in the mailbag this week. Good mailbag, I think. As always, send your questions to RABmailbag (at) gmail (dot) com and I’ll get to as many as I can. Don’t take it personally if yours doesn’t get answered. We get a lot of questions each week and can only answer so many. Keep tryin’.

Steve asks: While Hicks’ contract is a great deal for the Yankees, this has to be one of the weirder contracts of recent memory, no? The combination of years and salary are just odd. Typically the type of players that get 7 years get way more $$, can you think of any comps? Thanks.

It is an unusual structure. It’s a lot of years with a relatively low average annual value, which leads me to believe the Yankees traded extra years for luxury tax savings. The Reds gave Eugenio Suarez a seven-year, $66M extension last year, but he was three years away from free agency, not one year away like Hicks.

I went back ten years to find players with at least five years of service time (like Hicks) who signed contracts with at least seven guaranteed years. Here are the smallest average annual values:

1. Dustin Pedroia: $13.75M (eight years, $110M)
2. Matt Holliday: $17.14M (seven years, $120M)
3. David Wright: $17.25M (eight years, $138M)
4. Eric Hosmer: $18M (eight years, $144M)
5. Jayson Werth: $18M (seven years, $126M)
6. Shin-Soo Choo: $18.57M (seven years, $130M)

Those are the only contracts that fit our criteria (5+ years of service time, 7+ years long) with a sub-$20M average annual value over the last ten years. The lowest average annual value is still nearly 40% larger than Hicks’. Crazy. You have to go all the way back to Scott Rolen’s eight-year, $90M contract ($11.25M per year) in 2002 to find a contract that fits our criteria with a lower average annual value than Pedroia’s. So yes, Hicks’ contract is very usual. Contracts this long with an average annual value this low basically never happen. Until now, anyway.

Steven asks: Lets say (and pray) that Bird and Voit both have good spring training. Any chance they both make the team, and one of them typically DHs with Stanton moving to left?

Aaron Boone has indicated the Yankees won’t carry both Luke Voit and Greg Bird on the Opening Day roster. With a three-man bench, carrying two first base only guys really hurts roster flexibility. Also, given what we’ve seen out of Bird the last two years, there’s a decent chance 35-year-old Brett Gardner is still a better player given his defense and baserunning. I’m not sure there’s anything Bird can do this spring to win a roster spot. I’m really not. He was so bad last year — it wasn’t just bad BABIP luck or something, there was no life in his bat — that I don’t think anything he does this spring will change the team’s mind. Spring Training is full of lies. Don’t trust the numbers. Let Bird go to Triple-A, show he can stay healthy and produce, then figure out a way to get him into the lineup if he responds well. Opening Day is too soon and he’s lost the benefit of the doubt.

Doron asks: I dunno why, but I am getting a strong Jose Quintana vibe on Nestor Cortes. What do you think?

Nah. Cortes’ fastball averaged 88.2 mph during his stint with the Orioles last year and his Triple-A strikeout (20.8%) and swing-and-miss (8.8%) rates don’t exactly scream MLB success. Quintana had a better fastball and a much better curveball, and he didn’t walk as many batters at the time the Yankees let him go. He went to the White Sox, they taught him a cutter, and he took a big step forward. Maybe Cortes can hang as an up-and-down lefty specialist. There’s no out-pitch here though, and not enough fastball to keep hitters honest. He is a great Triple-A pitcher but there’s little reason to believe he can get big leaguers out consistently. He and Quintana are very different animals. Quintana had much better pure stuff, better control, and he’s shown he has a great feel for pitching as well. I wouldn’t worry about Cortes turning into the next “one who got away.”

Steven asks: NYY paid more for DJ LeMahieu (2 yrs/24M) than Twins paid for Marwin Gonzalez (2 yrs/21M). Who you rather have?

Gonzalez. He’s a better hitter — Gonzalez will never hit .303/.377/.530 (144 wRC+) like he did in 2017 again, but four times in the last five years he’s been a 100 wRC+ or better player — and a switch-hitter, plus he’s a good defender who is actually versatile and doesn’t have to learn other positions like LeMahieu. The money is essentially a wash and they’re basically the same age, but Gonzalez is a switch-hitter, a better hitter, and more versatile. To me, that makes up for LeMahieu being a Gold Glove second baseman and Gonzalez being merely a solid defender. LeMahieu is fine but I’d rather have Marwin. Keep in mind though, these guys signed a month apart, and you can’t assume Gonzalez would’ve taken the same offer to come to New York. Had the Yankees passed on LeMahieu and continued to wait out the market, it is entirely possible they could’ve wound up with neither guy. In a vacuum, give me Gonzalez.

Travis asks: So, apart from wanting the Yankees to have signed either/or Machado and Harper…as Yankees fans, did we get a best case scenario (if Harper signs with Philly) in that neither of them are in the American League (or the AL East) and not on the same team?

Pretty close to the best case scenario, I’d say. The best case would’ve been Manny Machado and Bryce Harper going to National League teams with no real shot at contention anytime soon. I guess that means the Marlins? As good as those two are, the Marlins would likely still be a few years away from a postseason (or World Series) appearance even after signing both of them. The Padres are on the rise because of their farm system, though they’re probably a year or two away from really breaking out. The Yankees will see Machado this year (three interleague games) but probably don’t have to worry about facing him in the World Series for a little while. Harper signing with the Phillies definitely puts him in “the Yankees might see him in the World Series this year” territory. This isn’t the absolute best case scenario, but it’s close. Keeping them away from the AL East is the next best thing to signing them.

Alessandro asks: Hick’s extension has got me thinking: Who has better long term upside, Florial or Frazier? Who would you rather keep?

Estevan Florial has more long-term upside but I’d rather keep Clint Frazier. The best case scenario for both is a bona fide middle of the order masher. Florial is a better defender and a better runner though, plus he plays the more premium position, which is why he has the higher upside. That said, Frazier is about as close to big league ready as it gets. Florial didn’t have a great year in High-A last season — surely the wrist injury had something to do with that — and his pitch recognition is a real problem. If it clicks, forget it, he’ll be a star. The odds of it clicking are small though. Frazier has shown some skills at the big league level and is much closer to reaching his ceiling as a non-switch-hitting version of Nick Swisher than Florial is to reaching his ceiling as … lefty hitting George Springer?

Paul asks: How much longer do you think Cashman will be the Yankees GM? He’s awesome, but he’s been around forever. At some point you have to think either he’ll retire or not get renewed.

Brian Cashman is the longest tenured general manager in baseball and it is not close. He was named GM in February 1998. Rangers GM Jon Daniels is the second longest tenured GM. He was hired in October 2005. (Billy Beane was promoted to president of baseball operations in 2015.) I’ve given up trying to guess when Cashman will no longer be the GM, either because he gets promoted or leaves the organization. I thought he might leave when his contract was up during the 2004-05 offseason and the Phillies reportedly chased him hard. I thought he would get promoted to president of baseball operations (or something along those lines) during the 2014-15 offseason, with Billy Eppler taking over as GM, but nope. Cashman signed a new five-year contract last offseason, so he’s not going anywhere anytime soon, not unless something crazy happens and the Yankees collapse. Twenty years is an eternity for a GM in any sport but there are no indications Cashman’s time will be up soon. He is very loyal to the Yankees — they are literally the only employer he’s had in his adult life — so my guess is when the time comes and Cashman is no longer the GM, it’s because he transitions into another role with the organization.

Rob asks: Hey Mike, do you see MLB ever expanding to four divisions of four (north, south, east, west alignment), removing the unbalanced schedule, and going back to the four best teams in the playoffs?

Yes to expansion and four divisions, maybe to eliminating the unbalanced schedule, no to four teams in the postseason. The Wild Card Game is too successful (i.e. a moneymaker for MLB) for me to think it’s going away. Maybe they’ll turn it into a best-of-three series at some point, but I don’t think we’re going back to four teams in the postseason. More teams in the postseason equals more revenue and that’s the entire point. MLB is only adding postseason spots from here on out. Not taking them away.

Expansion is inevitable. I don’t know if it’s five years away or ten years away or 50 years away, but it is coming. Two new teams equals two 16-team leagues and four four-team divisions. I guess the four division winners and the best non-division winner go to the postseason each year? The worst division winner and the fifth team play the Wild Card Game? I dunno. Interleague play isn’t going anywhere and balancing the schedule with 32 teams and a 162-game season probably doesn’t work. They’d have to shorten the schedule, which the MLBPA is pushing for anyway.

Brandon asks: In light of the Aaron Hicks extension, I figured this would be a good time to ask. Which trade was the bigger steal: Swisher for Wilson Betemit or Hicks for John Ryan Murphy?

Hicks is awesome but it has to be Nick Swisher. The extension and the trade are two separate entities, and the Yankees gave up nothing in both trades, so that isn’t a factor. The Yankees acquired four years of Hicks and, at best, he will give then three above-average seasons. The Yankees acquired four years of Swisher and he gave them four above-average seasons. To put it another way, Swisher was at +14.2 WAR in his four seasons in pinstripes. Hicks is at +8.0 WAR in three years. Does he have a +6.2 WAR season in him in 2019? It is definitely possible. Right now though, I lean Swisher because he was very good all four years with the Yankees. Hicks had the dud year in 2016. Both were phenomenal trades. The Swisher, Hicks, and Didi Gregorius trades were massive wins that, individually, would headline the resume for many other general managers. Cashman and the Yankees made all three trades in the span of seven years. Pretty amazing.

Anonymous asks: I’m a huge Dellin Betances fan & felt he should have made the all-star team in 2018. Where do you rank him amongst the Yankee relievers?

I think there’s a good case to be made Betances is the third best reliever in Yankees history. Mariano Rivera is in his own little world, obviously. To me, Dave Righetti is a distant second to Rivera but also a good bit ahead of the next tier, which includes Betances, David Robertson, Goose Gossage, and Sparky Lyle. Here is the franchise WAR leaderboard for relievers:

1. Mariano Rivera: +56.3 WAR (+2.6 WAR per 60 IP)
2. Dave Righetti: +23.0 WAR (+1.2 WAR per 60 IP)
3. Goose Gossage: +18.9 WAR (+2.1 WAR per 60 IP)
4. Sparky Lyle: +15.0 WAR (+1.2 WAR per 60 IP)
5. Johnny Murphy: +14.1 WAR (+0.9 WAR per 60 IP)
6. David Robertson: +13.1 WAR (+1.6 WAR per 60 IP)
7. Dellin Betances: +11.6 WAR (+1.8 WAR per 60 IP)

Betances is seventh in WAR but everyone ahead of him has thrown at least 117 more innings in pinstripes, which is why I included WAR per 60 innings. There is definitely something to be said for longevity, that’s why I have Righetti second on my personal list, but on a rate basis Betances has been as good as anyone other than Rivera. (It’s silly to pretend WAR is so exact that a +0.3 WAR/60 difference between Betances and Gossage is meaningful.)

Dellin has at least one more year to go with the Yankees and hopefully many more after that. By the end of a hypothetical three-year extension, Betances could very well be the clear cut third best reliever in team history behind Rivera and Righetti, and at that point, he might be closing in on Righetti as well.

Update: I included Righetti’s time as a starter in the list above like the dope I am. He was at +12.7 WAR (+1.2 WAR per 60 IP) as a reliever. So I guess that makes the argument Betances is one of the top three relievers in team history even stronger.

Lawrence asks: In your column on Wednesday, you stated that Betances’s feat of striking out at least one batter in 44 straight appearances was the longest such streak in American League history. You didn’t qualify that as just a record for relievers. Hard to believe that Ryan, or Clemens or Johnson (Randy or Walter) never went 44 straight with at least one strikeout. How far did they go? And who has the National League record? Another reliever?

Yeah, that’s my bad, I should’ve noted it is the reliever record. It’s an important distinction. Betances has the American League record (and MLB single-season record) with 44 straight appearances with a strikeout. Aroldis Chapman has the National League record with 49 appearances spanning two seasons back when he was with the Reds. Here’s the leaderboard for starting pitchers:

1. Tom Seaver: 411 straight starts with a strikeout (1967-78)
2. Nolan Ryan: 382 starts (1979-92)
3. Curt Schilling: 378 starts (1993-2007)
4. David Cone: 347 starts (1989-2003)
5. Doc Gooden: 347 starts (1984-97)

Cole Hamels is ninth with 332 straight starts with a strikeout and that’s the longest active streak. Clayton Kershaw (316 starts) and Gio Gonzalez (307 starts) are both working on active streaks longer than 300 starts and David Price (289 starts) and CC Sabathia (283 starts) are both closing in on 300 consecutive starts with a strikeout. If we look at all pitching appearances, not just starts, Ryan’s 382-game streak is the longest in history. At some point during his 411-start streak Seaver made a relief appearance and failed to strike out a batter.

Jeremy asks: What is the reasoning behind not televising all Spring Training games? Sure, viewership will be far lower than a regular season game but I have to imagine ratings would be higher than a Centerstage rerun or whatever YES will air during that time.

It’s all about cost. At some point the cost of broadcasting games (paying the broadcasters and crew, covering their travel and lodging, etc.) outweighs how much money those broadcasts bring in. The network does the math, says profits are maximized at X number of broadcasts, so that’s how many games they broadcast. That’s all it is. Every network has scaled back on spring broadcasts in recent years but the YES Network still shows more than most. They’re broadcasting 12 games this spring, all at home in Tampa so the crew and equipment doesn’t have to move around. Fortunately other networks usually broadcast games when their team plays the Yankees because the Yankees equal ratings, so we get a lot of road broadcasts on MLB.tv and MLB Network. Other fans aren’t so lucky.

There are ten questions in the mailbag this week. The Grapefruit League season begins tomorrow and that means we can start mailbaggin’ about actual baseball again. Hooray for that. Anyway, send your mailbag questions to RABmailbag (at) gmail (dot) com.

Ross asks: In your opinion, what are the chances that the DJ LeMahieu signing is ‘live research’ for how Nolan Arenado’s offensive production might translate to Yankee Stadium/the AL East? In other words: Do you think any part of that signing was ‘Hey, let’s get a decent player and we’ll also find out if a true CO bat plays in our league as we look toward spending big on 3b if Andujar cannot hack it after one more, full season?’

Hah, interesting! That would be something. I don’t think this was a factor in the LeMahieu signing at all though. He and Arenado are very different hitters. LeMahieu is an opposite field singles hitter who hits a lot of ground balls. Arenado is one of the most extreme fly ball hitters in baseball (career 37.0% grounders) who mostly pulls the ball, though can poke it over the fence the other way. This would be like signing Derek Jeter to gain insight into how Gary Sanchez plays outside Yankee Stadium. If anything, Troy Tulowitzki is a better “live research” subject for Arenado because he is — or was at his peak with the Rockies — a fly ball guy with pull tendencies. I have no idea what sort of player Tulowitzki will be at this point of his career, but, if he’s still getting the ball in the air to left field, it’ll potentially tell us more regarding Arenado than LeMahieu serving singles to right. The Yankees signed LeMahieu because they love his glove and think there’s some upside in the bat. That’s all.

Geoff asks: I find it surprising that you rarely see a lefty starter prospect on the NYY top prospect list, and equally surprising that it is rarely if ever never discussed considering where the team plays it’s home games. It’s been this way for years; Sheffield and Clarkin were rarities.

It is unusual. I don’t think the Yankees (or any team, for that matter) focuses on handedness with prospects. They grab the best talent, try to develop it, and go from there. You’re doing yourself a disservice if you pick and choose prospects to draft or sign based on the hand they throw with or the side of the plate they hit from. Just get the best possible players. That said, you’d think the Yankees would run into more good lefties than they have over the last 15-20 years through sheer random chance. It’s been Manny Banuelos, Justus Sheffield, and Ian Clarkin. That’s it. I suppose we could throw Jordan Montgomery into the mix but he was never a top 100 prospect type. This isn’t anything to worry about. Not with the Yankees turning into a player development machine. It’s just an oddity.

John asks: I was surprised to see Taylor Widener appear as #83 on MLB 2019 Prospect list, and you have him so low (#28) on the “what if we didn’t trade them” prospect list. Has something changed since he went to Arizona he is now viewed so highly?

Yeah, I don’t get it either. MLB.com is the only site with Widener in their top 100 list. Seems to me they are heavily weighing his performance, which was great last year. Threw 137.1 innings, all in Double-A, with a 2.75 ERA (2.99 FIP) and very good strikeout (31.9%) and walk (7.9%) rates. Lefties hit him more than you’d like (.232/.301/.405) and MLB.com’s report even notes some “forecast an eventual move to the bullpen.” Fastball/slider righties who lack a weapon to neutralize lefties and might be facing a future in the bullpen are everywhere. Is there a meaningful difference between Widener and Trevor Stephan, for example? Widener is a good prospect but MLB.com’s ranking is an outlier. They have to be putting a lot of stock into the performance, and hey, that’s fine. There’s no right way to rank prospects.

Alberto asks: Lets say for some reason the Yankees are no longer an MLB team, meaning no baseball from the Bronx. Would you stop following baseball or who would follow or think could follow?

Definitely wouldn’t stop following baseball. There’s no chance that happens. I don’t think I would latch onto another team. My routine right now is, when I’m not watching the Yankees, I watch whatever game or team around the league interests me at that point in time. Last year I watched a ton of Angels games because of Mike Trout and Shohei Ohtani. I also found myself watching the A’s a bunch because they were a fun group. It worked out nicely because the A’s and Angels are on the West Coast, so I could flip over once the Yankees finished their game and still catch all nine innings. With no Yankees, I’d just be a fan of baseball rather than latch on and become a fan of another team.

Joe asks: Does Dallas Keuchel on a one year deal make sense? Tanaka and CC probably both prefer extra rest.

Absolutely. Keuchel on a long-term contract scares me but I’d take him on a one-year contract no questions asked, and figure out how the rotation works later. You know someone will get hurt and the “six starters for five rotation spots” thing will take care of itself. Give Keuchel one year and $35M for all I care. I don’t think the Yankees are open to another high-priced addition at this point, short or long-term, and I don’t think Keuchel will have to settle for a one-year contract either. I could see him getting something similar to Jake Arrieta’s contract. Two guaranteed years with a player option and one of those funky multi-year club options. Keuchel’s definitely not going to get Patrick Corbin or Yu Darvish money. Never was. I expect him to still get multiple years though.

Matthew asks: Do you foresee teams faking injuries to get around the 3 batter rule? Who’s to say the guy’s arm didn’t get sore? Football teams fake injuries to slow down no huddle offenses (for example) and there’s not much anyone can do about it other than a public shaming by the opposing coach in the press conference.

I guess MLB would go with the honor system? I don’t know what the plan is here. Requiring a pitcher who leaves with an injury before facing three batters to automatically be placed on the injured list is unreasonable. All throughout the season we see pitchers removed from games as a precaution, then a day or two later they’re fine. You can’t ask a pitcher who maybe has an ache or some tightness to gut it out for another batter or two to avoid the required injured list stint. I suppose MLB could put someone at each ballpark who confirms the injury, but even that doesn’t seem fullproof. I’m not sure what the solution is here. I guess MLB could just run with it, and if they think injury removals are being abused, they could circle back and find a solution. Make sure it’s actually a problem before coming up with a solution, basically.

Rubaiyat asks: Do you have to play ten full seasons to earn a pension, or could you play nine full and a few months in the tenth season to get it? Also, with most players not being able to play 10 years to earn a full pension, do you see the CBA pushing for a lower amount of years needed to earn one?

Ten full years of service time locks in the full pension. It doesn’t have to be ten consecutive years, just ten years. You can be a journeyman who splits parts of 16 seasons between Triple-A and MLB, and as long as you get to ten full years of service time, you lock in the full pension. The full pension is north of $200,000 annually these days. Players can begin receiving that at age 62. (They could also tap into a smaller pension at a younger age.) The important number for most players: 43. Forty-three days of service time locks in a $34,000 per year pension. The more service time you accrue, the larger the pension until you max out at ten years. For up-and-down guys who have no real shot at ten years in the big leagues, those cups of coffee and September call-ups are important. Every little bit of service time increases the player’s pension. The current service time requirements have been in place for decades and they’re set by the MLBPA. The tricky part is funding the pension plan if the service time requirements are lowered. The pension plan is funded by the players, the teams, and MLB itself. They’d have to get everyone on board and convince them to pay more into the fund to make this work, and good luck with that.

Chris asks: Doesn’t the Machado deal wreak of Robbie Cano’s similar mistake of taking the money instead of the wins?

First of all, this isn’t a good comparison because Robinson Cano already had a World Series ring when he became a free agent. Win a ring, then get paid. What’s so wrong with that? Secondly, why is it a mistake to chase money instead of wins? Had Machado signed with a no doubt World Series contender (like the Yankees!) the critics would just say he’s taking the easy way out. He doesn’t want to be The Man so he’s going to a team with other great players, blah blah blah yadda yadda yadda. And third, given their incredible farm system and apparent willingness to spend, couldn’t you argue only a handful of teams are better set up for success the next six or seven years than the Padres? The Chargers are gone. San Diego has one-team city now and the Padres are going after it hard. Good for them. I will never ever ever blame a player for chasing the money. You’re never going to make everyone happy so don’t even bother trying. Just do what’s best for you.

Steve asks: In retrospect, do you think the Yankees receive good value on the Mark Teixeira free-agent deal?

I do. Teixeira hit .248/.343/.479 (120 wRC+) with 206 home runs and +17.8 WAR during his eight-year contract. He had one MVP caliber season (2009) and helped the Yankees to a championship as well. Straight $/WAR says Teixeira provided $110.8M in value on a $180M contract, so in that sense it was a bad deal, but $/WAR is overly simplistic. The cost of a win is not linear and it is not the same for every team. Using the same $/WAR calculation for the Yankees as the Rays or White Sox makes no sense.

The Yankees were a contending team every year from 2009-16. They didn’t always make the postseason but they tried. The goal going into each season was to make the postseason and win the World Series. Every additional win they added to the roster increased their chances of achieving that goal. This wasn’t a 75-win team getting to 78 wins. It was an 88-win team getting to 91 wins, or a 92-win team getting to 95 wins. Those extra wins are huge at that point on the win curve, and since the Yankees’ brand is built on winning, they should be (and historically have been) willing to pay extra for those wins. They did with Teixeira.

Casey asks: What are the chances the Yankees didn’t go after Harper to get Trout when he is a free agent? Still could extend Hicks after this season and when Trout is available sign him to play Center and slide Hicks to a corner outfield and still have Judge and Stanton to rotate between the 3 outfield and DH spots.

Small. It’s not smart to plan around players who won’t become free agents for another few years. Lots can change between now and then. Trout’s performance could collapse or (more likely) the Angels could give him a massive lifetime contract. I am much less confident in Trout reaching free agency than I was Manny Machado and Bryce Harper two years ago. Those two always seemed like good bets to test the open market. I’m not sure about Trout. Also, waiting for Trout doesn’t help now. The Yankees should be focused on improving the 2019 Yankees, not waiting around to improve the 2021 Yankees. There are two possible championships to be won between now and then! If Trout becomes a free agent in two years and he is still Mike effin’ Trout, I will be very loud and make it very clear I want the Yankees to sign him. That said, under no circumstances should the Yankees pass on opportunities to improve now with an eye on Trout later. There are too many variables at play. Besides, how are the Yankees going to pay Trout when they have to pay their core?

I’m pinch-hitting for Mike again, and I have thirteen questions to work with. As always, you can send your questions to RABmailbag (at) gmail (dot) com and we’ll get to as many as we can each week.

Steve asks: The Players Association is floating the idea of having less team control in the next CBA. I think owners would welcome the chance to determine what they want to pay rather than have an arbitrator decide for them especially given the recent weak free agent markets.

Do players fare better in their last year of arbitration than they do as free agents in recent years?

It kind of remains to be seen, doesn’t it?

Bryce Harper ($21.625 MM) and Manny Machado ($16 MM) should be locks to do better in free agency than they did last year, but it remains to be seen if that’ll happen. If I had to guess, I still think they’ll both do better – but I’m less confident about Harper besting last year’s salary than I was even a few weeks ago.

Last off-season, the top-tier free agents almost unanimously bested their salaries from their final year of arbitration eligibility. J.D Martinez, Eric Hosmer, and Jake Arrieta all fared significantly better in terms of AAV, as did Alex Cobb and Zack Cozart (albeit with much less money overall). The lone exception is Mike Moustakas, who ended up taking a $3.2 MM paycut in re-signing with the Royals on March 10.

It’s difficult to draw parallels to the top-tier free agents this off-season, as precious few of them have actually signed. The largest contracts have shook out as follows:

• Patrick Corbin made $7.5 MM in 2018, and his new contract will pay him an AAV of $23.333 MM over the next six years.
• Nathan Eovaldi is something of a unique case, given his injuries, but he did well, too, jumping from $2 MM last year to $17 MM per season through 2022.
• A.J. Pollock made $7.75 MM last year, and will earn a minimum of $13.75 MM per year for the next four years.
• Andrew McCutchen is coming off of a team-friendly contract extension, and will earn about $2 MM more per year.
• Zack Britton received a $1 MMish raise over the next three years.
• J.A. Happ received a $4 MMish raise over his previous free agent contract.

It has unfolded in a similar manner – lest we forget that Jake Arrieta didn’t sign until March last year – which sees players getting raises, but only the upper-echelon players receiving significantly more. However, the mid-level free agents have been squeezed in back-to-back off-seasons now; and it isn’t just traditional free agents.

Over the past two off-seasons, we have seen Mike Fiers (121 ERA+ in 172.0 IP), Matt Adams (115 OPS+ in 367 PA), Jared Hughes (146 ERA+ in 59.2 IP), Derek Dietrich (112 OPS+ in 551 PA), Wilmer Flores (107 OPS+ in 429 PA), and Blake Parker (128 OPS+ in 66.1 IP) non-tendered coming off of solid seasons, despite relatively minuscule arbitration figures. And those of them that did end up signing ended up receiving less than their estimated arbitration figures; it’s a disconcerting trend, to say the least.

The short version of this long-winded nonsense is that most players that go from their final year of arbitration eligibility to free agency tend to get a pay raise, though it’s often comparatively modest.

Bob asks: Great job on the Prospect List! I noticed that many of the power arms have command, control or third pitch issues and may be headed for future relief roles. Hitting generally can be taught (i.e. launch angle, backspin, plate discipline) and improved through at-bats. Is it more difficult to teach command, etc.? While relievers are valuable, guys who can go through the lineup 2-3 times are more valuable. Wouldn’t a focus on command and multiple pitches rather than selecting big kids who can throw a ball through a brick wall garner more starting pitchers?

It is an almost universally-held belief that command is the most difficult thing to teach a baseball player. It’s not just a matter of teaching a pitcher how to locate; it involves overhauling mechanics, changing speeds, accounting for the movement in one’s pitches, and the like. It’s something that pitching coaches try to work on at every level, but it’s incredibly difficult to do.

I base this on nothing by my own observations and anecdotal evidence, but it seems like experience is the only thing that can truly teach command. Randy Johnson was pushing 30 when he harnessed his control, and the command came shortly thereafter. Bartolo Colon didn’t become an artist at the corners until he was in his 30s, either. It’s not all that uncommon to see that sort of thing click as a pitcher learns his craft at the highest level – but that’s not really an answer, either.

David asks (short version): The proposed three batter rule will have a significant effect on teams like the Yankees that like to have a defined inning for each reliever. Under the current system, assume Sevy goes 7.1 innings before tiring or reaching his maximum pitch count. Assuming the score is close, the Yankees would go to Dellin for the last two outs of the 8th. They would then go to Chapman in the 9th. Under the new rule, if Dellin faced 2 batters and got 2 outs, they couldn’t go to Chapman in the 9th because Dellin didn’t face his third required batter. Don’t you think this qualifies as a huge impact on the Yankees?

This is actually a common misconception that I’ve been seeing all over Twitter and other blogs. The three-batter minimum, as per ESPN’s Jeff Passan, “[t]he rule would apply to all pitchers, except in instances in which pitchers finish an inning or are injured, sources said.” Therefore, in this particular situation Betances would be free and clear after those two outs.

Rob asks: Why do you think the yankees were willing to pull the trigger on Stanton (a weak defensive outfielder they didn’t really need) instead of waiting for Machado (gold glove 3B they need) for a very similar AAV?

Stanton isn’t – or wasn’t – a bad defensive outfielder. UZR/150 has him as 5.1 runs above-average in right for his career, and DRS/150 has him at roughly 7.0 runs saved per year. And that’s in 8590 inning out there, so it’s a very compelling sample size. He looked bad at times in left last year, to be sure, but he was learning a new position in a new park with a new team, so I’d hazard that his struggles are understandable.

I also don’t think it’s quite fair to say that the Yankees didn’t really need him. They had a void at DH, and he was the reigning (and deserving) NL MVP. Stanton was certainly something of a luxury – but can’t you say the same thing about Machado now, given how well Miguel Andujar played last year? Machado’s a big upgrade, but so was Stanton over Jacoby Ellsbury or whoever else they would’ve trotted out to DH.

And the AAV isn’t necessarily similar. Stanton’s luxury tax hit for the Yankees is around $22 MM for the entirety of his deal, due to the money chipped-in by the Marlins. We don’t yet know what Machado will earn, so it’s difficult to make a comparison – but most folk felt that he was a lock for $30 MM+.

Now, as to the why of all of this: I don’t know that they go hand-in-hand. The Yankees, despite whatever statements to the contrary, have the money to sign Machado. The issue is that they’re functioning on self-imposed austerity. More to the point, though, Stanton was available last off-season for scraps, and he made a great deal of sense at the time. Without Stanton, do they break 100 wins and make it to the ALCS last year? Probably not.

Frank asks: I was looking over the PECOTA projections and 3 things struck me as odd.

1.  LeMahieu’s 3.0 WARP
2.  Voit’s          1.3 FRAA
3.  Hicks’          -7.3 FRAA

Are any of those projections really valid based on each player’s history?

LeMahieu stands out the most to me, as PECOTA projects him to slash .290/.358/.417 in 594 PA, which is superior to what he did last year in fewer plate appearances … and he posted 4.2 WARP in 2018. The issue, however, seems to be entirely tied to defense: he had 20.1 FRAA last year, and they’re projecting 6.2 FRAA in 2019. Is that fair? Maybe. FRAA had him as a scratch defender from 2013 through 2016, so it’s not shocking to see quite a bit of regression there – especially when they also forecast him bouncing between three positions.

Voit’s defense is interesting, because the metrics are all over the place. FRAA, DRS, and UZR loved him in 186 innings in 2017, and hated him in 287 innings lat year. The eye test isn’t friendly, though, so I think that it’s likely that he is a negative defender at first. But, given the small sample sizes, I don’t really have a strong opinion on this.

And FRAA had Hicks at -8.6 last year, so they actually have him improving a bit. This one I just straight-up don’t buy, though. It doesn’t jibe with the eye test, and DRS and UZR both had him as average last year (and well above-average before that).

Rex asks: A die-hard Yankee fan since 1955, I’ve always used batting average,rbi’s, and home runs to gauge a players production. I lose interest in a story when terms like WAR,BABIP, and other analytics  are used…simply because I don’t understand them…and I would bet the grocery money that I am not alone in this! Would you please publish a list of these terms, and a short summary on why we should give a damn about them. I was in broadcast news 35 years and learned I should not assume that my audience knew what I knew about a topic.

We do have a glossary of the statistics that are frequently used around these parts, which you can find here.

Paul asks: Do you think teams may be waiting for spring training to sign free agents since they can move their injured players to the 60-day IL instead of having to DFA Fringe 40-man players?

I hadn’t considered this until reading this e-mail, but it wouldn’t surprise me if we see a mild flurry of activity once the 60-day injured list opens for business. Flurry may be too strong a word, considering that there may not be all that many players that will hit the injured list – but, given the preciousness of 40-man roster spots, it could help out some of the lower-level free agents that are looking for a gig with a real shot at playing time.

Mike asks: I’m just trying to find a positive in the Yankees not signing Harper. Do you think they’re passing so they can  sign Trout instead?

Sure. And then they’ll pass on him to sign Francisco Lindor the next off-season. And then they’ll pass on Lindor to sign Alex Bregman the following year.

Any claims that the Yankees are passing on ‘x’ now to sign ‘y’ later are disingenuous at best; or, if it’s a legitimate strategy, foolish. Counting on players to retain their skill level, stay healthy, and not sign an extension is a recipe for disaster – especially when it comes at the cost of a better chance of winning now.

John asks: The farm system rankings are confusing me. Experts are ranking the Yankees system in the bottom half of the league (19 by Law and you agreed on your chat). However from reading you and those same other sources, very few teams have this many uber talented 17-19 year old players. Even Keith Law says that players like Pereira are poised to jump into the top 100 this year. No one would be surprised if Cabello (still don’t get how people compare him to Vlad and Soto and don’t rate him higher), Pereira, Deivi, Freicer Perez, Roansy Contreras, Seigler, and a bunch more prospects shot up prospect lists. Most teams would rather have star potential then a bunch of solid players. Granted most will miss but there are so many talented young players, that some will break out. I don’t expect the Yankees to have a top 10 system with only 2 or 3 top 100 prospects, but I find it hard to believe there are 18 other baseball systems that I would rather have then the Yankees. Am I missing something?

I think you answered your own questions without really knowing it – the vast majority of their big-time potential stars are teenagers that have not yet sniffed the upper minors, meaning their risk factors are higher. Injuries don’t help, either. With that in mind, take a look at their top-ten prospects:

1. Estevan Florial – missed two months last season; has yet to reach Double-A
2. Jonathan Loaisiga – has thrown just 184.1 IP in six seasons; missed a month with shoulder soreness last year
3. Anthony Seigler – 19-years-old; 2018 draft pick; may not reach full-season ball this year
4. Everson Pereira – 17-years-old; has yet to play full-season ball
5. Antonio Cabello – 18-years-old; has yet to play full-season ball
6. Deivi Garcia – 19-years-old; one start above High-A
7. Roansy Contreras – 19-years-old; has yet to play full-season ball
8. Albert Abreu – has battled injuries (including elbow inflammation) in each of the last two years
9. Mike King – probably MLB-ready
10. Luis Medina – 19-years-old; has yet to play full-season ball

Is there a hell of a lot of talent here? Absolutely. But eight of those guys are pretty far from the majors, and one of the two that’s knocking on the door has never been healthy for a full season. That makes for what might just be the highest-risk, highest-reward farm system around – but the beta is tremendous.

Adam asks: 12-ptch roster limit. I, too, am not in favor of this proposed rule change. Assuming this winds up getting approved, do you think there’s a way to game the system i.e., label a pitcher as a “position player” under the pretense of using him as a bench bat and then subsequently bring that “position player” in as a pitcher? After all, position players do pitch here and then. Or would MLB just deem this to be blatant circumvention of the rule?

There’s no way MLB would let this fly. I’m assuming that the team will have to name their pitchers in advance of the game (or whenever they adjust their roster), and only those designated as pitchers will be able to head to the mound. The wrinkle, of course, is someone like Shohei Ohtani, who might require the changes to the roster to be game-by-game.

Tim asks: The question I’ve been asking myself during the whole Machado/Harper discussion is this: how great is the incremental improvement to the team from one superstar, versus the opportunity cost of spending the money in the future when a more dire need is evident. It’s clear that the team is now adhering to a budget of sorts. Who doesn’t want a superstar, but if the choice is to sign Machado now and have the offense get marginally better (ok, and the defense much better), or be able to trade for a couple of key players in July because of injuries, I know which way I’d go.  Same thing for signing free agents next winter and all the future off seasons.  I’d rather the money was spent on a CC replacement, not improving the offense.  Does that make sense or am I ignorant on some of the financial implications?

What you’re saying definitely makes sense, there’s just a great deal of nuance in there.

Signing a player now gives you that added value for the entirety of the season. The difference between (hypothetically) the current set-up – Andujar at 3B, Gardner in LF, and Stanton at DH – and a Machado-based set-up – Machado at 3B, Stanton in LF, Andujar at DH, and Gardner as the fourth outfielder – adds a ton of value throughout the season. You’re essentially replacing Gardner with Machado in this instance, while also improving the bench.

I do agree that I would’ve rather spent money on a larger rotation upgrade than Happ, but the Yankees balked at Corbin’s price tag, and there wasn’t really a better option at that point. There’s always an opportunity cost to passing on someone or waiting to see who becomes available, and they have paid some semblance of a price as a result. And, for whatever it’s worth, I’m not sure that I loved Corbin at that price, either.

You also have to make the best of whatever is available. Would a rotation upgrade be better? Perhaps. But when there’s generational talent available on the position player side of things, adding two or three wins there instead of overpaying for a marginal rotation upgrade makes sense.

And, getting to the core of your question, I don’t like putting off something today on the off-chance that you can get something better tomorrow. Putting the best possible product on the field on Opening Day inherently has more value than waiting for a weakness to develop and tackling it in-season. The costs will be higher, and that’s assuming that there’s a solution on the market. Besides, signing Machado or Harper now shouldn’t mean that they can’t trade for a reliever or fifth starter on July 31 – they just cost money, after all.

Their budget is another wrinkle altogether. But we can’t anticipate what their needs might be in July, and waiting to see what happens seems like a recipe for disaster.

Austin asks: How many first round picks have really panned out? I completely agree that the system is broken, and needs to be corrected in many ways, but how many first rounders really have a good career? I can’t imagine its that many. It’s really hard to play in the major league. The numbers probably say he doesn’t have a good chance. 

Kyler Murray was the 9th overall pick. As per Baseball-Reference, 34 of the 54 9th overall picks reached the majors, and combined to produce 269.3 WAR (or 7.9 per big leaguer). And that list includes several quality players, including Javier Baez, Kevin Appier, Barry Zito, Geoff Jenkins, Mark Kotsay, Ron Darling, John Danks, and Michael Cuddyer. Appier was the only truly great player on that list (though, Baez appears to be on his way), but that’s not an insignificant number of solid major leaguers. And that’s just from the slot in which Murray was drafted.

Let’s take a look at how the first round picks from 1998 to 2007 worked out:

1998 – 69% reached the Majors and produced an average of 10.3 WAR
1999 – 47% reached the Majors and produced an average of 9.2 WAR
2000 – 57% reached the Majors and produced an average of 7.5 WAR
2001 – 59% reached the Majors and produced an average of 8.7 WAR
2002 – 65% reached the Majors and produced an average of 12.7 WAR
2003 – 72% reached the Majors and produced an average of 7.6 WAR
2004 – 82% reached the Majors and produced an average of 7.0 WAR
2005 – 77% reached the Majors and produced an average of 10.9 WAR
2006 – 75% reached the Majors and produced an average of 8.3 WAR
2007 – 65% reached the Majors and produced an average of 6.4 WAR

That’s a ten-year sample wherein roughly 67% of first-rounders reached the big leagues, and produced an average of 8.9 WAR. That may not sound like much, but there are diminishing returns with each and every round. Moreover, 8.9 WAR really isn’t a bad mark for one’s career. And while that may not mean that a player is a lock to reach the show or be much more than a bench player or reliever when they get there, that group nevertheless has he best chance of reaching those not-so-lofty heights.

Bill asks: There’s been talk of Collusion between owners, i know it’s almost impossible to prove BUT if it was proven that the owners colluded to drive down FA prices, what could the consequences possibly be for them? 

The owners have been found guilty of collusion three times before, all in the 1980s. They ended up settling those suits and paying the MLBPA a $280 MM settlement, which the union decided how to distribute to its members. Players that had signed below-market deals were also allowed to field new contract offers in some cases (though that was fairly limited), without having to lose their current deal. I suspect that we’d see something similar this time around – albeit with a much larger dollar figure.

Eleven questions in this week’s mailbag. One for each degree of temperature outside. Remember to send your questions to RABmailbag (at) gmail (dot) com and I’ll answer as many as I can each week.

Danny asks: Who is your favorite low-cost, one year starter left on the market? Liriano? Anderson? Shields? I looked at Shields’ numbers just for kicks and couldn’t believe he threw over 200 innings last year.

Francisco Liriano above all. He has experience starting and relieving, and has moved seamlessly between those roles the last few years. Liriano still misses bats and gets grounders. Not like he did during his prime, but enough to be a serviceable swingman at this point in his career. If not for the regime change this offseason, I’d say James Shields was ticketed for the Orioles. He seems like their type. Brett Anderson is never healthy. Signing him always sounds like a great idea until you actually sign him and he spends four months on the disabled list. Gio Gonzalez seems likely to get starting job somewhere rather than settle for a swingman role for the Yankees. I’d rank the veteran one-year free agents like so: Liriano, Gonzalez, Shields, Anderson. Ervin Santana has said he hates pitching in Yankee Stadium, so forget him, and Jeremy Hellickson and Clay Buchholz are great big mehs. Liriano’s my pick. He has the versatility, strikeouts, and grounders I want for that swingman/sixth starter role.

Keith asks: Good problem to have hypothetical: Let’s say that Tulo actually stays healthy and, come mid-season, is producing in the field and at the plate. Clint Frazier is mashing at AAA, forcing the issue as hoped, and Didi is due to return. With a 3 man bench, we can’t carry Gardner, Tulo, LeMahieu, and Romine. What do the Yankees do? Leave Clint languishing? Cut Gardner? Cut/trade Tulo?

In that case, the Yankees should dump the eighth reliever and go with a four-man bench. Put Didi Gregorius back at short and Clint Frazier in left, and move Troy Tulowitzki and Brett Gardner to the bench, where they’d join DJ LeMahieu and Austin Romine. Rotate guys in and out to keep everyone productive and involved. Enjoy the depth. If the Yankees must have an eight-man bullpen, I guess keeping Frazier in Triple-A is the easy solution, but I don’t like it. This is definitely one of those things that will work itself out. I am 100% certain the Yankees would welcome this “problem” at midseason.

Ralph indeed: The NY Post recently featured an article with all the writers providing their top 10 Yankees of all time in concert with the HOF voting. I was shocked to see that Thurman Munson was not listed on any ballot as an all time top 10 Yankee. Do you agree with this summation? My heart is outraged, but we think with our heads, so please provide some perspective. Thanks.

Here is that article. Six writers listed their personal top tens and 15 different players were mentioned. Munson was not one of the 15. Had Munson’s life and career not been tragically cut short — he died less than two months after his 32nd birthday — he stood a great chance of going down as a top ten Yankee all-time. The 1970s were the golden age for catchers (Johnny Bench, Ted Simmons, Gary Carter, Carlton Fisk, etc.) and Munson was right there with those guys. Rookie of the Year in 1970, MVP in 1976, World Series rings in 1977 and 1978, captain of the team, so on and so forth. I’m big on great catchers. I love ’em. Munson was before my time, but I reckon he would’ve gone down as my all-time favorite player given everything I’ve read and heard.

Here are the ten Yankees all-time according to WAR and my personal top list:

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Yes, Rivera is the Yankees all-time leader in pitching WAR, three wins ahead of Ford and five wins ahead of Andy Pettitte. And yes, I have Mantle over Gehrig. Mantle hit like Gehrig and did it as a center fielder. Both belong in the inner circle of the inner circle of the Hall of Fame either way. Longevity pushes Jeter over DiMaggio for me. (Jeter played 1,011 more games than Joe D. and DiMaggio missing three years to World War II doesn’t make up all of that.)

On the WAR list, Munson is still behind guys like Ford, Pettitte, Ron Guidry, and Bernie Williams. He’s right there with Robinson Cano (+45.5 WAR). Like I said, I dig great catchers, and I think I would’ve had Munson in the 11-13 range somewhere with Pettitte and Bernie on my list. I am surprised none of the six New York Post scribes squeezed him into their personal ton ten Yankees list. Leaving him out is not egregious though. Munson was great, but the Yankees have had so many great players. Guys like Pettitte and Bernie would be slam dunk top tens for most other teams.

Michael asks: Just read a couple of articles about the Yankee farm system and its prospects. Miguel Andujar wasn’t mentioned anywhere in any of them. What was Miggy’s background and how did he rise to the majors? How come everyone mentions Gleyber but no one mentions Miggy. What’s the deal here?

The Yankees signed Andujar as a 16-year-old shortstop in July 2011. They gave him a $750,000 bonus and moved him to third base right away. Andujar didn’t make it out of rookie ball until 2014 — early in his career he had a tendency to start slow at each new level before turning it on a half-season later — and it wasn’t until 2015 that he jumped into the prospect spotlight. Here’s where Baseball America (and I) ranked him among their top 30 Yankees prospects over the years:

• 2014: BA No. 18 and RAB No. 24
• 2015: BA No. 10 and RAB No. 7
• 2016: BA No. 12 and RAB No. 15
• 2017: BA No. 12 and RAB No. 8
• 2018: BA No. 5 and RAB No. 3

Not sure what I was thinking dropping Andujar from No. 7 in 2015 to No. 15 in 2016. Huh. Anyway, Andujar had a breakout year in 2016, hitting .271/.331/.403 (108 wRC+) with a career high 12 homers between High-A and Double-A. Then, in 2017, he hit .318/.364/.503 (135 wRC+) with 16 homers between Double-A and Triple-A, and started to get some top 100 prospect love.

Andujar never got as much attention as someone like Gleyber Torres because there were always questions about his defense, and also because it wasn’t clear how much power he’d have long-term. For a long time he looked like a line drive guy who might top out at 15-20 homers, which is good, but not top prospect good. Fast forward to last season and Andujar had 27 homers and 47 doubles as a rookie big leaguer, so he’s answered questions about his power potential. Miggy was the rare underrated Yankees prospect.

Benjamin asks: Thoughts on the 2001 AL Cy young award. Two names pop out, Roger Clemens (won), and Mike Mussina (5th). In your opinion, if this vote happened right now, would Roger still win? As far as I can see, Moose had the better stats in the AL, but didn’t have the magic W’s.

That 2001 season was Mussina’s best as a Yankee and probably the second best of his career, behind his 1992 season with the Orioles. Mussina led the league in FIP and WAR in 2001. Clemens led in winning percentage and that’s it. Here are the 2001 AL Cy Young voting results:

Ten questions in this week’s mailbag. Just two more of these until pitchers and catchers report and Spring Training begins. Fun fun fun. Send your questions to RABmailbag (at) gmail (dot) com.

Julian asks: Looks like Pettitte is going to fall off the HOF ballot in his first year. Do you think the lack of support is because of the PEDs or do writers really not think he’s worthy?

Andy Pettitte was able to avoid falling off the Hall of Fame ballot this year. He received 42 votes from the 425 voters, or 9.9%. Five percent is needed to remain on the ballot, so Pettitte will be up for the Hall of Fame again next year. Clearly though, there is a decided lack of support here. I think there are three reasons Pettitte did not receive more support this year and I’d rank them in this order:

1. Voters don’t think he had a Hall of Fame caliber career.
2. Voters ran out of room on their ten-spot ballots.
3. The human growth hormone admission.

Performance-enhancing drug outrage is selective. Pettitte is well-liked and I don’t think the HGH admission will hurt him as much as, say, Manny Ramirez’s two suspensions. Derek Jeter is the only slam dunk Hall of Famer joining the ballot in the next two years, meaning voters will have more spots available for other players, and inevitably some of those spots will go to Pettitte. Enough to get him to 75%? Almost certainly not.

It seems to me the biggest thing working against Pettitte is his lack of Hall of Fame numbers. He had a great career, no doubt, but Andy was more about longevity than top of the rotation dominance. Mike Mussina, an objectively better pitcher than Pettitte, received only 20.3% of the vote in his first year on the ballot. Pettitte coming in under that in his first year makes sense to me. My guess is Pettitte will gain support in the coming years but probably not enough to get into Cooperstown.

Ross asks: Does Greg Bird have options left? and if so, how much time would he have to spend in the minors for an extra year of team control?

Bird has all three minor league options remaining. The Yankees called him up in August 2015 and haven’t sent him down for anything other than a rehab assignment since, and rehab assignments do not count as an option. Bird has three years and 53 days of service time (3.053). There are 186 days in the season but only 172 days are needed to receive credit for a full year of service time. Keep a player in the minors at least 15 days and you buy that extra year of team control (186 – 172 = 14, then add one extra day). Add those 15 days to the 53 days of service time Bird already has and you get 68 days. That’s how long he has to stay in the minors to push his free agency back year. Two months plus one week, give or two. Seems worthwhile, no? Giving Bird ten weeks in the minors to show he’s back while Luke Voit gets ten weeks to show he’s legit seems believable. Teams are increasingly unapologetic about their service time manipulation. They don’t even try to hide it. In Bird’s case, sending him down would be justifiable, so it wouldn’t look that obvious.

Rob asks: Which team do you think would be more effective over a season? A pitching staff made entirely of relievers that can pitch at least two innings a game or a staff full of starters that can go five innings each?

The reliever staff. They’d rarely go through the lineup a second time and they would be able to air it out more than someone who has to pace himself for five innings. This is the where baseball is heading now, right? Using pitchers less and less to avoid the third (and sometimes second) time through the order penalty, and to allow them to go max effort. Short bursts are almost always more effective than pacing yourself for the long haul.

Jeff asks: Dodgers shopping Joc Pederson, 3 years of team control, lefty power bat, can play left, could arguably hit well enough to break up Judge and Stanton, make sense for the Yankees to at least check in on the asking price?

Worth checking in, for sure. Pederson’s done a great job cutting down on strikeouts and he’s a legitimate 25-homer lefty bat. The Yankees could use one of those. The downside is he needs a platoon partner (career 61 wRC+ vs. LHP) and he probably shouldn’t play center field any longer. I don’t know what the Dodgers are seeking in return (a reliever, maybe?) but, if the Yankees are not going to pursue Bryce Harper, Pederson would be a fine fallback plan. Mashes righties, two years of control, great clubhouse guy. The Yankees could stick him in left field against righties and move Brett Gardner to the bench. I’d rather the Yankees just sign Harper. Since that’s off the table, Pederson is a good alternative. He’s a quality player and the Yankees have room for him.

Alex asks: The Yankees have traded quite a few highly regarded prospects in the past few years (Rutherford, Mateo, Kaprelian, Fowler, Widener, Solak, Carroll, Tate, Sheffield, etc) which always causes some hand wringing; however, none of them seem to have particularly broken out. How do former Yankee prospects rank today? I would guess Widener or Sheffield lead the way?

Justus Sheffield is far and away the best prospect the Yankees have traded within the last two years or so. In fact, he’s the only former Yankees prospect to appear on the recent Baseball America and Baseball Prospectus top 100 lists. Baseball America ranked him 27th and Baseball Prospectus ranked him 50th. I’d rank the traded prospects like so:

1. LHP Justus Sheffield
2. OF Blake Rutherford
3. OF Dustin Fowler
4. RHP Dillon Tate
5. 2B Nick Solak
6. SS Jorge Mateo
7. RHP James Kaprielian
8. RHP Taylor Widener
9. OF Billy McKinney
10. RHP Cody Carroll

That’s not every prospect the Yankees have traded but it is the notables. Also, just to be clear, that’s how I’d rank them based on the players they are today, not the players they were when the Yankees traded them. Not counting Sheffield, Solak and Widener are the only players on that list who’ve raised their stock since the trade and neither is the type of prospect worth getting upset over. The Yankees have better infielders than Solak and a small army of Wideners in the system. They’ve done a good job picking which prospects to keep and which prospects to trade.

Bill asks: MLB.com ranked Stowers as our #23 prospect right after the trade, and Long as Seattle’s #8 prospect. Given, our farm is better than Seattle’s, and Stowers would probably rank higher than 23rd in their system. It seems like we got a Good deal for Gray, then messed it up by immediately trading him for a lesser prospect to go with the draft pick. Would you agree?

My preference would’ve been keeping Shed Long because he’s close to MLB ready and because, all other things being equal, the infielder is more valuable than the outfielder. It’s much easier to move an infielder to the outfield than vice versa. Moving to the infield, where the ball comes at you fast, is a tough adjustment for long-time outfielders. Very few have done it. Infield to outfield is the usual transition, not the other way around.

MLB.com has not yet released their updated 2019 rankings, so I wouldn’t look at their lists to compare Long to Stowers. Before the trade Baseball America (subs. req’d) ranked Stowers as the tenth best prospect in Seattle’s system. Now they rank Long ninth. The difference between the ninth and tenth best prospect in a farm system is nothing. It’s a matter of personal preference at that point. Based on Baseball America’s 2019 rankings, it was a fair value trade. Long and Stowers are similarly ranked.

Ross asks: If you were going to build an 8-man bullpen, and could use all relievers in the AL East to do it, who would be in that bullpen?

A case can be made the four best relievers in the AL East play for the Yankees. The Orioles have two solid relievers in Mychal Givens and Richard Bleier. Jose Alvarado is excellent with Tampa and Ryne Stanek is very good as well. Current Blue Jay Ken Giles has his moments. Ryan Brasier and Matt Barnes just helped the Red Sox to the World Series. This is my eight-man all-AL East bullpen:

Closer: LHP Aroldis Chapman
Setup: RHP Dellin Betances, LHP Jose Alvarado
Middle: LHP Zach Britton, RHP Chad Green, RHP Adam Ottavino, RHP Ryne Stanek
Long: RHP Matt Barnes

Don’t sleep on my dude Tanner Scott. The Orioles will probably screw him up, but a lefty with an upper-90s fastball and an upper-80s slider is no joke. I think he’ll be in position to crack the eight-man all-AL East bullpen by midseason. Anyway, for fun, let’s use Steamer projections to compare the Yankees’ bullpen to the best eight-man bullpen the other four AL East teams could put together:

Yankees	Other AL East Teams
Aroldis Chapman (+1.3 WAR)	Diego Castillo, TB (+1.0 WAR)
Dellin Betances (+1.1 WAR)	Matt Barnes, BOS (+0.8 WAR)
Chad Green (+0.7 WAR)	Ken Giles, TOR (+0.7 WAR)
Zach Britton (+0.7 WAR)	Jose Alvarado, TB (+0.6 WAR)
Adam Ottavino (+0.5 WAR)	Ryne Stanek, TB (+0.6 WAR)
Luis Cessa (+0.2 WAR)	Mychal Givens, BAL (+0.3 WAR)
Jonathan Holder (+0.2 WAR)	Ryan Tepera, TOR (+0.3 WAR)
Tommy Kahnle (+0.2 WAR)	Tanner Scott, BAL (+0.3 WAR)
Total: +4.9 WAR	Total: +4.6 WAR

I assumed Cessa and Kahnle will get the final two bullpen spots and, for the other AL East teams, all I did was pick the top eight relievers by projected WAR. (There are a bunch of dudes at +0.3 WAR. I just grabbed three.) According to Steamer, the Yankees have the two best and four of the seven best relievers in the division. Seems good.

Andrew asks: I have three questions related to draft pick the Yanks got for Gray. 1) ESPN says the pick is worth about 10 Million dollars. Do you agree? 2) Would the Yanks lose this pick if they signed Harper? It would be their 2nd highest pick. 3) If the Yanks lose the pick, would they also lose the slot money?

Let’s go one by one. 1) Right now the pick in the Sonny Gray trade sits at No. 36 overall. It could still move a little bit as the last few qualified free agents sign. Matt Murphy’s research a few years ago found the 36th pick is worth about $18.6M, which is quite a bit more than the ESPN number. That $18.6M seems awfully high to me, but who am I to argue? 2) Yes, the Gray pick is the pick they’d lose to sign Harper or any other qualified free agent. 3) Yes, they’d lose the slot money if they forfeit that pick to sign a free agent. That pick and the bonus money would just disappear if the Yankees sign a qualified free agent. It doesn’t go to the team that lost the free agent like the old days.

Matt asks: Aaron Judge is due to hit his 100th career HR at some point in the first half of ‘19. (Knock on wood for health) What players in history have reached the 100 home run plateau the fastest and where would Judge fall in line? (The halfway point of the season would bring Judge to 375 games played.)

Judge is sitting on 83 career home runs and he’s averaged one home run every 3.54 games in his career. At that pace he’d hit his 100th career home run in his 61st game this season, or the 345th game of his career. The Yankees will play their 61st game on June 4th this year, when Judge will be 27 years and 39 days old. I’m sure there will be off-days and hot streaks and cold streaks during those first 61 games, but that’s the ballpark number. Here are the quickest players to 100 career home runs:

By Age	By Games
1. Mel Ott (22 years, 132 days)	1. Ryan Howard (325 games)
2. Tony Conigliaro (22 years, 197 days)	2. Ralph Kiner (385 games)
3. Eddie Mathews (22 years, 292 days)	3. Chuck Klein (390 games)
4. Alex Rodriguez (23 years, 16 days)	4. Bob Horner (390 games)
5. Johnny Bench (23 years, 161 days)	5. Mark McGwire (393 games)
6. Albert Pujols (23 years, 185 days)	6. Joe DiMaggio (395 games)
7. Hank Aaron (23 years, 191 days)	7. Eddie Mathews (397 games)
8. Ken Griffey Jr. (23 years, 206 days	8. Ryan Braun (400 games)
9. Frank Robinson (23 years, 230 days)	9. Giancarlo Stanton (400 games)

Judge won’t make the youngest players list, obviously. He didn’t play his first full big league season until age 25. He has a very real chance to hit 100 homers in fewer games than anyone except Ryan Howard though. Can he hit 17 homers in 30 games to break Howard’s record? Probably not, but the fact it’s not completely impossible is pretty insane.

Andrew asks: When can the Yanks put Didi and Jordan Montgomery on the 60-Day, to open up a couple of 40-man spots? I would think the Yanks would want to put them on there as soon as they can.

I’m not sure about the exact date and it seems to move around each year. I think it might be the mandatory reporting date per the Collective Bargaining Agreement, the day everyone has to be in camp. It’s sometime in late-February. (Teams set their individual reporting dates well in advance of the mandatory reporting date.) I know the disabled list day is early in Spring Training, before Cactus League and Grapefruit League games begin.

Two things to keep in mind about the 60-day DL. One, teams can only use it when they need a 40-man roster spot. Someone has to be added to the 40-man roster right away whenever the Yankees put Didi Gregorius or Jordan Montgomery on the 60-day DL. And two, the 60-day DL isn’t retroactive in Spring Training. Put a player on the 60-day DL at any point in the spring and he has to miss the first 60 days of the regular season. That’s something that has to be considered. If the Yankees think Gregorius could return in May, they might not 60-day DL him.

We have nine questions in this week’s mailbag. Only three more of these until pitchers and catchers report and only five more until Grapefruit League games begin. Hooray for that. Send all your mailbag questions to RABmailbag (at) gmail (dot) com and I’ll answer as many as I can each week.

Tamir and Gai ask: Other than Robinson Cano’s 2008 season are there other comps of a player having one atrocious down year like Gary and then coming back as if nothing happened?

Oh sure. Robinson Cano is great example we’re all familiar with. He hit .314/.346/.489 (113 wRC+) with +7 WAR from 2005-07 then dropped to .270/.305/.410 (86 wRC+) and +0 WAR in 2008. Robbie looked like he forgot how to play baseball that year. Cano bounced back in 2009 and has been on the Hall of Fame track since. Too bad he won’t get in due to the performance-enhancing drug suspension.

Anyway, I went back to the turn of the century and searched for players who had a terrible second full MLB season (like Gary Sanchez) or a terrible third full MLB season (like Cano), then bounced back. Here are some examples, ignoring guys whose down year was the result of missing time to injury:

	Good Year	Down Year	Bounceback Year
Yoenis Cespedes	+4.0 WAR	+1.4 WAR	+4.1 WAR
Prince Fielder	+3.6 WAR	+1.5 WAR	+6.3 WAR
Eric Hosmer	+1.4 WAR	-0.5 WAR	+3.5 WAR
Brian McCann	+4.3 WAR	+1.0 WAR	+5.5 WAR
Yadier Molina	+1.4 WAR	-0.2 WAR	+2.1 WAR
Stephen Piscotty	+3.0 WAR	+0.6 WAR	+2.8 WAR

Several players, including Mike Moustakas and Jean Segura, had terrible second and third big league seasons before finding their way again in their fourth season. Repeat after me: Development is not linear. There are often bumps along the way.

Maybe Sanchez is bad forever now. It could happen. I am nowhere near ready to say that. Being a young catcher is really difficult because there is so much responsibility, plus Gary apparently played through some shoulder trouble last year, hence offseason surgery. Trust in the talent, trust that he can again do things you’ve already seen him do, and be patient.

Les asks: Should the Yankees consider trading Betances this year or risk the chance of re-signing him after the season. We all know the history between the two parties, mainly due to the publicized comments made by Randy Levine. It may be make it extremely difficult to re-sign him. I think it would be sad to see him leave without any real compensation, especially when the bullpen is the one area of the team where his loss could be tolerated.

I get what you’re saying. Potentially losing Dellin Betances for nothing more than a draft pick next offseason would stink — that’s if the Yankees make the qualifying offer too, which is hardly a given — but, when you’re the Yankees and you’re on the very short list of World Series contenders, I think you have to keep him. Betances is an impact reliever and the more good players on the roster, the better. It’s hard for me to see a scenario in which trading him makes the 2019 Yankees a better team.

I will say that the Adam Ottavino signing makes trading Betances a little more plausible. I’d still keep him, but now the Yankees are in better position to absorb the loss. They’d still have Ottavino, Zach Britton, Chad Green, and Aroldis Chapman. When you have those guys penciled into the bullpen, trading Betances to address another need, whether it’s on the MLB roster or in the farm system, is easier to swallow. I’d still keep him. The Yankees will need Dellin to get to where they want to go.

Brian asks: The Yankees decided Gardner was no longer a starter down the stretch and McCutchen was their starting LF. Is Gardner suddenly a starter again? Any chance that Frazier could force his way into replacing McCutchen as starting LF and force the Yankees to carry Gardy as a 5th OF (really a 4th since someone is probably at DH)? Could Ellsbury?

I don’t think Brett Gardner is going to be an everyday player this coming season. Not unless he’s playing too well to keep him out of the lineup. With Troy Tulowitzki seemingly locked in as the starting shortstop, my guess is Gardner is effectively platooning with DJ LeMahieu. Something like this:

• vs. RHP: Gardner in left, Andujar at third, Stanton at DH, LeMahieu on the bench
• vs. LHP: Stanton in left, LeMahieu at third, Andujar at DH, Gardner on the bench

The Yankees have to see Clint Frazier healthy and playing without restrictions before considering him for a big league role and I’m not sure he can accomplish that in Spring Training. Starting the season in Triple-A seems most likely. Frazier’s missed too much time to throw him right into an MLB role, I think.

My hunch is the master plan is using Gardner to hold down left field to start the season, at least against right-handed pitchers, then begin phasing him out for Frazier at midseason. If Clint’s health doesn’t cooperate, the Yankees could look outside the organization for outfield help a la Andrew McCutchen last year. As for Jacoby Ellsbury, who knows? He has to get healthy before we worry about him. I don’t think the Yankees plan on using Gardner as an everyday player though. Not unless he forces their hand or they get hit with injuries.

Ed asks: Doesn’t LeMahieu’s good OBP numbers against LHP’s give the Yankees another option at the top of the order?

Yes, and this is why I think LeMahieu plays third base against lefties, with Giancarlo Stanton in left field and Miguel Andujar at DH. LeMahieu hit .330/.360/.540 (124 wRC+) against lefties last season and is a career .313/.369/.445 (104 wRC+) hitter against lefties. Gotta get him in there against southpaws. The leadoff spot could work too as long as LeMahieu continues hitting like that against southpaws. I am on team #BatJudgeLeadoff but I don’t expect it to actually happen. If the plan is to squeeze Aaron Hicks between Aaron Judge and Stanton, then LeMahieu at leadoff is as good an option against lefties as the Yankees have, at least until Gleyber Torres forces the issue.

Alberto asks: How many assistant GMs does Brian Cashman have beside Jean Afterman?

Cashman has two assistant general managers, officially: Afterman and Mike Fishman. Afterman joined the Yankees in 2001 and she is the highest ranking woman in an MLB front office. She largely deals with contracts and legal matters, from what I understand. Fishman joined the Yankees in 2005 and more or less built the team’s analytical department from the ground up. The Yankees quietly gave him the assistant GM title a few years back.

Afterman and Fishman are Cashman’s only two official assistant general managers but he has a lot of lieutenants. Vice president of baseball operations Tim Naehring effectively replaced current Angels GM Billy Eppler as Cashman’s right-hand man. Special assistant Jim Hendry seems to be involved in everything, including draft scouting and contract negotiations. Pro scouting director Dan Giese, player development director Kevin Reese, and quantitative analysis director David Grabiner are high enough up on the ladder that they were involved in manager interviews last offseason.

The “manager” part of “general manager” seems to get overlooked these days. Cashman oversees a lot of people — a lot of people — and they bring information to him, and they use it to collectively make a decision. It’s not like the wild west days when the general manager ran his own ship and made his own moves. The decision-making process is much more of a collaborative effort these days, all around baseball, and Cashman sits at the head of the table.

Alex asks: Given the lack of upper level catching prospects, how much does the organization miss Luis Torrens and what are the chances that the Padres’ gambit turns out to be worthwhile?

Following his 2017 big league stint as a Rule 5 Draft pick, the Padres sent Torrens to High-A last season, where he hit .280/.320/.406 (94 wRC+) in 122 games. It really feels like San Diego did the kid a disservice. I get that playing a year in the big leagues has real value. He also missed out on a lot of development time. Torrens received 139 plate appearances and caught only 310.2 innings in 2017. That’s after only 214 plate appearances and 440.2 innings at catcher from 2015-16 due to shoulder surgery. That is fewer than 400 plate appearances and 800 innings behind the plate from 2015-17, his age 19-21 seasons. How is that good for his development?

I understand the “get the talent while you can and figure it out later” aspect of all this, but it really feels like Torrens was put behind the 8-ball developmentally. That’s a shame. I hope he can overcome it. As for the Yankees, I’m not sure they miss Torrens because it’s unlikely he would’ve been a big league factor at this point, and they have a pretty good young catcher in Sanchez as it is. They don’t have Torrens as a trade chip, which stinks, but not having a top upper level catcher in the system doesn’t hurt as much when you have a guy like Gary in MLB.

Dave asks: Any thoughts for a Severino long term contract that would work for the Yankees and for Sevy? Maybe use one of the newfangled multi year options? Or is it just too soon since it’s his first year of arbitration?

Believe it or not, only one starting pitcher in the last nine years has signed an extension in his first year of arbitration-eligibility as a Super Two: Gio Gonzalez. He signed a five-year, $42M contract with the Nationals back in 2012. At the time Gonzalez had eight fewer days of service time than Severino has right now, and Gio had 58% of the career WAR in 103% of the career innings. Between inflation and performance, Gonzalez’s contract doesn’t serve as a great benchmark for Severino.

We do know what Severino’s salary will be this coming season. It’ll be no less than $4.4M and no more than $5.25M, the salary filing figures. Could the Yankees build an extension around $40M for the four arbitration years (say $4M, $8M, $12M, $16M from 2019-22) and then $22M per free agent year? Let’s call it six years and $84M. Severino is seeking $5.25M this year, but, in exchange for the long-term deal and large guarantee (plus being able to hit free agency at age 30), the Yankees would presumably seek a discount up front.

Although I would like the Yankees to be a little more aggressive signing young players long-term, I can totally understand waiting on Severino and pitchers in general, only because there’s so much injury risk. The Yankees can afford to pay big arbitration raises and, if something terrible happens, they can walk away. It’s worth approaching Severino about an extension because you never know what’ll happen. He might be open to a big discount. His big filing number suggests otherwise.

Julian asks: Hall of Fame voters seem to always discredit Rockies players like Larry Walker because they played at Coors Field with high altitude. How come writers don’t discredit Yankees players for playing at a relatively small stadium?

It does seem like Rockies players get unfairly dinged for playing in Coors Field, doesn’t it? Obviously Coors Field boosts their numbers, there’s no doubt about it, but you’re right. We won’t hear anything about Derek Jeter playing in a small ballpark when he joins the Hall of Fame ballot next year. We didn’t hear anything about Trevor Hoffman playing in pitcher’s parks or Jim Thome playing in many hitter’s parks. It seems like we’ve gone too far with Coors Field. We’re punishing players too much. Consider Walker’s numbers:

• Coors Field: .381/.462/.710 (lol)
• Everywhere Else: .282/.371/.501

Those numbers outside Coors Field are really good! Ken Griffey Jr. is a career .284/.370/.538 hitter and he received the highest Hall of Fame voting percentage in history. Walker’s numbers outside Coors Field are on par with Griffey’s overall numbers, and only 31% of Walker’s career plate appearances came in Coors Field.

I’m not saying Walker was as good as Griffey. I’m just saying I think he’s being dinged too much for Coors Field — Walker’s voting percentage has topped out at 34.1% in his eight years on the Hall of Fame ballot — and it does feel like we hear more about park factors with Rockies players than all other players during Hall of Fame voting season. It’s disproportionate.

Tom asks: Did Sonny Gray agree to lower $$$ this year in order to facilitate a trade? Maybe the Yankees used that as a bargaining chip in order to get more interest/a higher return in a possible trade?

If Gray agreed to a lower salary to increase his trade value, he’s an idiot. He should look out for himself and only himself. He owes the Yankees nothing and that would be a thankless gesture. Sonny is one season away from free agency. If he’s that desperate to change teams, he can do it next offseason. He shouldn’t sell himself short financially to do it now. Get paid while you can because, these days, owners are doing everything in their power to reduce spending. I think Gray’s lower than projected salary has to do with the MLBTR model being a bit too optimistic with his arbitration case. I hope Sonny didn’t voluntarily take less money. His agent failed him spectacularly if that is that case.